Page last updated: 2024-12-09

1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)piperazine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

The compound **1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)piperazine**, also known as **U-91359**, is a synthetic research chemical with significant importance in pharmacological and neuroscientific research.

**Here's why it's important:**

* **Pharmacological Activity:** U-91359 is a **potent and selective agonist** of the **5-HT2A receptor**, a serotonin receptor subtype involved in numerous physiological and psychological processes, including:
* **Hallucinations:** Activation of the 5-HT2A receptor is believed to be a major contributor to the hallucinatory effects of psychedelic drugs like LSD.
* **Mood Regulation:** This receptor plays a role in mood disorders like depression and anxiety.
* **Cognitive Function:** It's implicated in learning, memory, and attention.
* **Other Effects:** U-91359 can also influence appetite, sleep, and vasoconstriction.

* **Research Tool:** Due to its selectivity for the 5-HT2A receptor, U-91359 serves as a valuable tool for researchers investigating:
* **Mechanism of action of psychedelic drugs:** By understanding how U-91359 interacts with the 5-HT2A receptor, researchers gain insights into the mechanisms underlying the psychoactive effects of psychedelics.
* **Treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders:** The role of the 5-HT2A receptor in various conditions like depression and anxiety makes U-91359 a potential therapeutic agent.
* **Development of novel drugs:** This compound can help identify new targets and pathways for drug discovery related to the 5-HT2A receptor.

* **Caution:** It's important to note that **U-91359 is a research chemical and not a medication.** It should only be used under the supervision of qualified researchers in controlled laboratory settings.

**The importance of U-91359 lies in its ability to provide valuable insights into the 5-HT2A receptor, a critical target for understanding and treating various neurological and psychiatric conditions.** It's a tool for scientists to unlock the mysteries of the brain and potentially develop new and effective therapies for a wide range of diseases.

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID764138
CHEMBL ID1368596
CHEBI ID120738

Synonyms (16)

Synonym
OPREA1_595216
MLS000105312 ,
smr000102193
1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)piperazine
STK115921
CHEBI:120738
1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)piperazine
HMS2422E08
AKOS005399474
AB00077755-01
cambridge id 5264410
cid_764138
bdbm30974
1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-4-veratryl-piperazine
CHEMBL1368596
Q27208874
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
piperazines
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (15)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.35480.003245.467312,589.2998AID2517
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency28.18380.044717.8581100.0000AID485341
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolaseGiardia intestinalisPotency19.90540.140911.194039.8107AID2451
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.177814.390939.8107AID2147
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.012610.691788.5700AID887
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.36010.004110.890331.5287AID504467
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency44.66840.011212.4002100.0000AID1030
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.001318.074339.8107AID926; AID938
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2BHomo sapiens (human)Potency56.23410.707936.904389.1251AID504333
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.22020.035520.977089.1251AID504332
menin isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency81.91060.010314.297036.5881AID651843
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.10950.00419.984825.9290AID504444
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency81.91060.010323.856763.0957AID651843
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency89.12510.050127.073689.1251AID588590
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.73110.00419.962528.1838AID2675; AID493199
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (14)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1159537qHTS screening for TAG (triacylglycerol) accumulators in algae2017Plant physiology, Aug, Volume: 174, Issue:4
Identification and Metabolite Profiling of Chemical Activators of Lipid Accumulation in Green Algae.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (7)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's1 (14.29)29.6817
2010's5 (71.43)24.3611
2020's1 (14.29)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.29

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.29 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.08 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.37 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.29)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other7 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]